The stepper motor is a special motor used for control. Its rotation is operated step by step at a fixed angle (called "step angle"), which is characterized by no accumulation error (accuracy of 100%). Therefore, it is widely used in various open loop control. The operation of the stepping motor is driven by an electronic device. This device is a stepping motor driver. It converts the pulse signal from the control system into the angular displacement of the stepping motor, or: every pulse signal sent by the control system. The stepper motor is rotated by one step angle by the driver. Therefore, the speed of the stepper motor is proportional to the frequency of the pulse signal. Although stepper motors have been widely used, stepper motors are not as conventional DC motors, and AC motors are used under normal conditions. It must be composed of a dual ring pulse signal, a power drive circuit, etc. to form a control system. Therefore, the use of stepper motors is not an easy task. It involves many professional knowledge such as machinery, motors, electronics and computers.
This paper mainly introduces the selection principle of stepping motor and the misunderstanding of selection. Firstly, it introduces the principle of selection. Secondly, it introduces the selection factors and selection steps of stepping motor. Finally, it explains the error of stepping motor selection. Follow the small series to find out in detail.
Stepper motor selection principle
1. First determine the torque required by the stepper motor to drag the load. The easiest way is to add a lever to the load shaft and pull the lever with a spring balance. The tension multiplied by the arm length is both the load moment. Or theoretically calculated based on load characteristics. Since the stepping motor is a control type motor, the maximum torque of the stepping motor is not more than 45Nm. The larger the torque, the higher the cost. If the motor torque you choose is larger or exceeds this range, you can consider adding a speed reducer.
2. Determine the maximum operating speed of the stepper motor. The speed index is very important in the selection of the stepping motor. The characteristic of the stepping motor is that as the motor speed increases, the torque decreases. The speed of the step is related to many parameters, such as: the driving voltage of the driver and the phase current of the motor. The phase inductance of the motor, the size of the motor, etc., the general rule is: the higher the driving voltage, the slower the torque drop; the larger the phase current of the motor, the slower the torque drop. In the design scheme, the motor speed should be controlled at 1500 rpm or 1000 rpm, which is of course not standardized. Refer to .
3. According to the two important indicators of the maximum torque and the maximum speed of the load, and then refer to the , you can choose the stepping motor that suits you. If you think that the motor you selected is too large, you can consider adding a speed reducer, which can save costs and make your design more flexible. To choose the right reduction ratio, we must consider the relationship between torque and speed and choose the best solution.
4. Finally, we must consider leaving a certain amount (such as 30%) of the torque margin and the speed margin.
5, try to choose a hybrid stepper motor, its performance is higher than the reflective stepper motor.
6. Try to select the subdivision driver and make the drive work in the subdivision state.
7. When selecting and not going into the misunderstanding of only one indicator of motor torque, that is to say, the greater the torque of the motor, the better, and should be considered together with the speed index.
8. In the case of high speed requirements, you can select a drive with a higher drive voltage.
9. Whether it is two-phase or three-phase when purchasing, there is no specific requirement, as long as the step angle can meet the requirements of use.
Stepping motor selection elements
1, the choice of step angle
The step angle of the motor depends on the accuracy of the load. The minimum resolution (equivalent) of the load is converted to the motor shaft, and the angle of each equivalent motor should be taken (including deceleration). The step angle of the motor should be equal to or less than this angle. At present, the step angle of stepping motors on the market generally has 0.36 degrees/0.72 degrees (five-phase motors), 0.9 degrees/1.8 degrees (two-phase and four-phase motors), and 1.5 degrees/three degrees (three-phase motors).
2, the choice of static torque
The dynamic torque of the stepper motor is difficult to determine at once. We often determine the static torque of the motor first. The static torque selection is based on the load on which the motor operates, and the load can be divided into two types: inertial load and friction load. A single inertia load and a single friction load are not present. When starting directly (generally by low speed), both loads should be considered. When starting acceleration, the inertia load is mainly considered. For constant speed operation, only the friction load should be considered. Under normal circumstances, the static torque should be 2-3 times of the friction load. Once the static torque is selected, the base and length of the motor can be determined (geometric size).
3, the choice of current
Motors with the same static torque have different operating characteristics due to different current parameters. The current of the motor (reference drive power and drive voltage) can be judged according to the torque frequency characteristic curve.
In summary, the following steps should be taken to select the motor:
4, torque and power conversion
The input motor is generally used in a wide range of speed regulation, and its power is varied. Generally, it is only measured by torque. The torque and power are converted as follows:
P is the unit of power in watts, Ω is the angular velocity per second, the unit is radians, n is the speed per minute, and M is the unit of torque for Newton·meter P=2πfM/400 (half-step operation) where f is the number of pulses per second ( Referred to as PPS)
Stepper motor selection steps
1, the choice of stepper motor torque
The holding torque of the stepper motor is similar to what the conventional motor calls "power." Of course, there are essential differences. The physical structure of the stepper motor is completely different from AC and DC motors, and the output power of the motor is variable. Which type of motor is usually selected based on the required torque level (ie the amount of torque required to carry the animal). Generally speaking, the torque is below 0.8N.m, and 20, 28, 35, 39, 42 (the diameter or square of the motor body, unit: mm) is selected; the torque is about 1N.m, and the 57 motor is more suitable. Torque force in several N.m or larger cases, it is necessary to select 86, 110, 130 and other specifications of the stepper motor.
2, step by step motor speed selection
Special consideration should also be given to the speed of the motor. Because the output torque of the motor is inversely proportional to the speed. That is to say, the stepping motor has a low speed (a few hundred revolutions per minute or less, and its output torque is large), and the torque in the high-speed rotation state (1000 rpm - 9000 rpm) is small. Of course, in some working conditions, high-speed motors are required. It is necessary to measure the coil resistance and inductance of the stepping motor. A motor with a slightly smaller inductance can be selected as a high-speed motor to obtain a larger output torque. On the contrary, in the case of low speed and large torque, it is necessary to select the inductance at ten or tens of mH, and the resistance should be larger.
3. Selection of no-load starting frequency of stepping motor
Stepper motor no-load starting frequency, usually called "empty frequency". This is an important indicator for purchasing a motor. If it is required to start and stop frequently in an instant, and the rotation speed is around 1000 rpm (or higher), "accelerated start" is usually required. If you need to start directly to achieve high speed operation, it is best to choose a reactive or permanent magnet motor. The "vacuum frequency" of these motors is relatively high.
4, the number of phase selection of stepper motor
The choice of the number of phases of the stepper motor, this content, many customers have little attention, most of them are purchased casually. In fact, different phases of the motor, the work effect is different. The more the number of phases, the smaller the step angle can be, and the vibration at work is relatively small. In most cases, there are more two-phase motors. In the high-speed and high-torque working environment, it is more practical to select a three-phase stepping motor.
5, for the stepper motor use environment to choose
Special stepper motors are waterproof and oil resistant for use in special applications. For example, underwater robots require a water discharge motor. For special-purpose motors, it is necessary to select them.
6. Can you need special specifications according to your actual situation?
For special specifications of stepper motors, please communicate with us and order them within the scope permitted by the technology. For example, the diameter, length, and extension direction of the shaft.
7. If necessary, it is better to further communicate and confirm the model with the technical engineer of Xinbaoda Motor.
If necessary, it is best to further communicate with our technical engineers at Xinbaoda Motor Co., Ltd. in order to confirm whether the stepping machine you want to select can meet all the requirements of your requirements.